A Novel Routing Protocol (M-Gear) Using Gateway Based Energy-Efficient Scheme For Wireless Sensor Networks (Wsns).

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Amrit Singh

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have come out as
research areas with an over enormous effect on practical
application developments. They permit fine grain observation
of the surrounding environment at an economical cost much
lower than at presently possible. In an unfavorable
environments where human participation may be too
dangerous then sensor networks may provide an effective
service. Sensor networks are designed to transmit data from an
arrangement of sensor nodes to a data warehouse on a server.
The advances in the addition of micro-electro-mechanical
system (MEMS), microprocessor and wireless communication
technology have an enabled the deployment of large-scale
wireless sensor networks. WSNs has potential to design many
new applications for handling emergency, military and
disaster relief operations that requires real time qualified
information for an efficient coordination and planning.
Sensors are devices that produce a quantifiable
response to change in a physical condition like temperature,
humidity, weather forecasting and pressure etc. WSNs may
consist of many different types of sensors such as temperature,
seismic, magnetic, thermal, visual, infrared, humidity,
acoustic, and radar capable to monitor a wide variety of
surrounding conditions. Though each individual sensor may
have severe resource limitation in terms of energy, memory,
communication and computation capabilities; large number of
them may collectively monitor the physical world, circulate
information leading critical environmental events and process
the information on the fly.
The issues of network lifetime and data availability
are particularly important in WSNs due to their exploitation in
inimical environment. The system should provide fault tolerant
energy efficient real-time communication as well as automatic
and effective action in emergency situations. A typical sensor
network operates in five phases which are as: Planning phase,
Deployment phase, Post-deployment phase, Operation phase
and Post-operation phase.

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