Microstrip Patch Antennas: A Review of Design Parameters, Simulation Tools, and Metamaterial Integration for Modern Wireless Applications
Main Article Content
Abstract
Microstrip patch antennas are among the most widely used antenna types in modern wireless communication systems. Their simple structure, low manufacturing cost, and ability to fit on flat surfaces make them attractive for many applications. This review paper focuses on three important aspects of microstrip patch antenna technology. The first part explains the basic design parameters including patch dimensions, substrate properties, feed point location, and ground plane size. The second part discusses the software tools commonly used to simulate and analyze these antennas, such as HFSS, CST, and FEKO. The third part explores how metamaterials – specially designed artificial structures – can be integrated with patch antennas to improve performance. Metamaterials can make antennas smaller, increase their gain, and widen their frequency range. This paper serves as a basic guide for students and researchers starting work with microstrip patch antennas.
Article Details
Section
COPYRIGHT
Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before, that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that if and when the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors agree to automatic transfer of the copyright to the publisher.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work
- The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions.
- The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions.
References
[1] W. Hong et al., "Millimeter-wave 5G antennas and systems," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 105, no. 7, 2017.
[2] K. K. Kishor and S. V. Hum, "Impedance and gain optimization of mmWave patch antennas," IEEE TAP, vol. 63, no. 5, 2015.
[3] M. Khattak et al., "Design of 28 GHz patch antenna for 5G," Wireless Personal Comms, vol. 113, 2020.
[4] J. Zhang et al., "Substrate integrated waveguide fed patch antenna at 60 GHz," IEEE AWPL, vol. 16, 2017.
[5] N. Ojaroudi et al., "Millimeter-wave slot antenna with defected ground," Microwave and Optical Tech Letters, vol. 61, 2019.
[6] R. Garg, Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook, Artech House, 2001.
[7] Y. Rahmat-Samii and J. Volakis, Antenna Engineering Handbook, McGraw-Hill, 2018.
[8] S. K. Sharma et al., "mmWave MIMO patch array for 5G smartphones," IEEE TAP, vol. 67, no. 12, 2019.
[9] D. M. Pozar, "Microstrip antennas," Proc. IEEE, vol. 80, no. 1, 1992.
[10] A. Al-Zoubi et al., "Low-profile mmWave patch antenna using superstrates," IET MAP, vol. 14, 2020.
[11] Z. Chen et al., "Metasurface-based patch antenna gain enhancement at 28 GHz," Scientific Reports, vol. 9, 2019.
[12] H. Ullah and F. Tahir, "Wideband mmWave patch antenna for 5G," IEEE Access, vol. 8, 2020.
[13] T. S. Rappaport et al., "Overview of mmWave communications for 5G," IEEE Comms Mag, vol. 52, no. 12, 2014.
[14] M. M. Khan and Z. A. Bhatti, "Optimization of patch antennas using PSO," Applied Computational EM, vol. 34, 2019.
[15] L. Zhang et al., "Liquid crystal-based reconfigurable mmWave antenna," IEEE TAP, vol. 68, no. 3, 2020.
[16] A. J. Alazemi and M. I. Waly, "60 GHz patch antenna on liquid crystal polymer," Electronics Letters, vol. 56, 2020.
[17] F. A. Dicandia et al., "Machine learning for mmWave antenna design," IEEE TAP, vol. 69, no. 8, 2021.
[18] S. K. Podilchak et al., "Surface wave suppression in mmWave patches," IEEE TAP, vol. 66, no. 11, 2018.
[19] M. S. Sharawi, "Printed MIMO antenna systems for 5G," IEEE AP Mag, vol. 59, no. 3, 2017.
[20] GPP TR 38.901, "Study on channel model for frequencies from 0.5 to 100 GHz," 2018.
[21] M. Sabir and G. Ratnu, “A design of compact T-shaped fractal patch antenna for X-band applications,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 29, pp. 295–299, Jan. 2020.
[22] K. Parveen, M. Sabir, M. Kumari, and V. Goar, “Compact size microstrip patch antenna for 5G wireless network,” in Smart Innovations in Communication and Computational Sciences: Proceedings of ICSICCS-2018, Singapore: Springer, 2018, pp. 173–178.